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Technology: How UV-C Light Disinfects Surfaces and Air

The science. Explained.

What Is UV-C Technology?

Ultraviolet (UV) light is produced naturally by the sun. Ultraviolet is a spectrum of light just below the visible range, divided into four distinct spectral areas: UV-A, UV-B, UV-C, and Vacuum-UV. Of these, UV-C technology is the most effective when it comes to disinfection and sterilisation.

UV-C light technology is capable of inactivating a wide range of harmful microorganisms. While UV-A and UV-B reach the Earth’s surface, UV-C is absorbed by the ozone layer, which protects life from its powerful radiation. By replicating this spectrum artificially, we can safely harness UV-C light for germicidal purposes, especially in controlled environments like Uvisan cabinets and cleanrooms.

The UV-C Spectrum and Germicidal Effect

The entire ultraviolet spectrum has some ability to kill or inactivate microorganism species such as bacteria, viruses, spores, and protozoans. It works by preventing these microorganisms from replicating. Without the ability to reproduce, the colony dies off, and the surface or environment is disinfected.

The most potent part of this spectrum is UV-C—especially at a wavelength of 253.7 nanometres (often referred to as 254nm). This frequency range of UV light has a germicidal effect that is thousands of times stronger than natural UV light. The UV-C spectrum range is widely used for sterilising medical environments, equipment, and electronics.

This is the same UV-C technology used in Uvisan products. The application of UV-C energy to inactivate microorganisms is called Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI)—one of the most effective, rapid antimicrobial methods in use today. It has been employed for decades in the disinfection of water, surfaces, and air.

How UV-C kills bacteria & viruses

UV-C exposure inactivates microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses by damaging their DNA and RNA—the essential genetic blueprints they need to function and reproduce. Once exposed to UV-C, the organism’s ability to reproduce is destroyed, rendering it harmless.

Without reproduction, the microorganism dies, and without offspring, the entire colony is eradicated. Ultraviolet light killing bacteria and viruses in this way is well-documented. In laboratory tests using live bacteria on Petri dishes placed inside Uvisan cabinets, zero colony growth was recorded at the centre, and over 99.99% reduction was seen at the outer edges—demonstrating the high efficacy of our systems.

Uvisan UV-C Effectiveness

The effectiveness of germicidal UV-C technology depends on several factors: the intensity and wavelength of light, the duration of exposure, and the size and opacity of the target microorganism.

VirusesBacteriaYeasts
Typical size20-800nm1-10μm5-8μm
Dosage needed1-20mj/cm22-40mj/cm210-30mj/cm2
Avg dose per cm2 Uvisan cabinets (2 mins)68mj/cm268mj/cm268mj/cm2

As a rule of thumb, larger organisms require a higher UV-C dose to be effectively inactivated. Uvisan cabinets are factory-calibrated to deliver sufficient UV-C energy over a preset 2-minute cycle to deactivate a broad spectrum of viruses, bacteria, and yeasts.

For large-scale applications, Uvisan’s Cleanroom UV-C systems are designed and calculated pre-installation to ensure that the entire room receives the optimal dose for whole-room ultraviolet disinfection.

Uvisan Limited
Kingswood House South Road
Bristol BS15 8JF

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